retrodesign - Tools for Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) Errors

Provides tools for working with Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) errors, as proposed in Gelman and Tuerlinckx (2000) <doi:10.1007/s001800000040> and Gelman & Carlin (2014) <doi:10.1177/1745691614551642>. In addition to simply calculating the probability of Type S/M error, the package includes functions for calculating these errors across a variety of effect sizes for comparison, and recommended sample size given "tolerances" for Type S/M errors. To improve the speed of these calculations, closed forms solutions for the probability of a Type S/M error from Lu, Qiu, and Deng (2018) <doi:10.1111/bmsp.12132> are implemented. As of 1.0.0, this includes support only for simple research designs. See the package vignette for a fuller exposition on how Type S/M errors arise in research, and how to analyze them using the type of design analysis proposed in the above papers.